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Pregnancy
Links to articles related to pregnancy, labour, birth, interventions, postnatal, baby and parenting.

This section is broken down into the following sub-categories:

Pregnancy

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A BabyWebNZ What Now? Pregnancy information

BabyWebNZ What Now?

This information is not a substitute for professional midwifery or medical care. You should always seek the advice of your midwife, doctor or health professional for any concerns you may have regarding your health. Information and health practices change with ongoing research, the answers are to the best of our knowledge on the date the question was sent to us.

Pregnancy Information Form

We have added new link "Information Forms" to www.babywebnz.org and www.birthresources.org websites. These forms provide guides to questions you may be asked and topics that will be covered during your pregnancy.

Also there are lists that you can copy and fill out to help with preparing for the birth and care of your child.

Being pregnant or becoming a parent is a whole new world filled with lots of questions, dos and don'ts and conflicting advice. I hope this article with help with some of your questions. http://www.babywebnz.org/display/BabyWebNZ/Articles_Early+Pregnancy

Follow this link http://www.babywebnz.org/display/BabyWebNZ/Survival+Guide_Pregnancy

to find out information on antenatal check and health, discomforts of pregnancy, warning signs and Childbirth education classes.

Childbirth Education Our Wellington based childbirth classes are called BirthResources to complement them and deliver further information, we have set up a BirthResources website www.birthresources.org

packed with useful information for parents and Childbirth Educators.

Subscribe to our BirthResources monthly newsletter or read through previous issues here.

Fetal Development See the video on pregnancy showing a 3D animation on fetal development in the first 9 weeks. It's hard to believe how rapidly one cell evolves in such a short time into the unmistakable body of a baby. Read more: http://www.babycenter.com.au/video/pregnancy/weeks-1-to-9-pregnancy/#ixzz1djvbUn00

Health and screening in pregnancy 

It is important to be looking after your health, with a balance diet, no smoking or drinking alcohol. The ministry of health recommends pregnant woman take a folic acid supplement. Deficiency can cause possible congenital neural tube defects eg spina bifida. Please speak to your LMC (Doctor or Midwife) re this. It is up to you if you want to go see a Doctor or Midwife for early pregnancy care.

At the booking visit, bloods are taken to check rubella immunity, find out your blood group and if you have any antibodies, your hepatitis and HIV status, full blood count (FBC) and a VDRL test for syphilis.

Your maternity health professional will ask you questions when booking you for care with them. It can help with the process to write down some information about yourself and your health, what you want, and any questions you have. This is a guide to possible questions you may be asked.

See http://www.babywebnz.org/display/BabyWebNZ/Information+Forms

You will find the following information on the national screening website. Pregnant women are offered HIV screening and screening for Down syndrome and other conditions. Babies are screened for 28 metabolic disorders (the heel prick test), and for hearing loss. The National Screening Unit website provides the following information: http://www.nsu.govt.nz/current-nsu-programmes/3160.asp

The 0800 MUM 2 BE (0800 686 223) Maternity Consumer phone line is run by the Ministry of Health. See information on the article http://www.birthresources.org/display/BirthResources/Early+Pregnancy

It is recommended to increase your Folic Acid intake before getting pregnant, and in early pregnancy as deficiency can cause possible congenital neural tube defects eg spina bifida. After you realise you are pregnant then you will need to have antenatal (pregnancy) blood tests done this can be done by a Midwife, Doctor or some health clinics. At the booking visit bloods are taken to check rubella immunity, find out your blood group and if you have any antibodies, your hepatitis status, full blood count (FBC) and a VDRL test for syphilis. You will be offered HIV screening also. Women with HIV can have treatment to reduce the chance of the baby getting the virus. Having scans is a personal decision.

See http://www.nsu.govt.nz

From 8 February 2010, there are two screening options available for antenatal screening for Down syndrome and other conditions. Screening for Down syndrome and other conditions is not diagnostic, it just tells you your risk factor. A low risk result means there is very little chance that the baby has any of the conditions screened for. An increased risk result means there is a higher chance that the baby has Down syndrome or another condition. Women with an increased risk result are offered diagnostic testing.

First Trimester Combined Screening combines the results from a blood test taken between 9-13 weeks pregnant) and a nuchal translucency (NT) scan at 11-13 weeks pregnant with other information, such as age and weight, to give one risk result. The blood test is available free of charge. There may be a charge for the NT scan.

Second Trimester Maternal Serum Screening is at 14-18 weeks combines the results from a blood test with other information, such as age and weight, to give a single risk result.

Iodine in pregnancy how much do I take each day? .

Due to an increased need for iodine in pregnancy and breastfeeding, the Ministry recommends that pregnant and breastfeeding women take a registered 150 micrograms (mcg) daily iodine only tablet daily available from 1 July 2010 at pharmacies, as well as eating foods which are important sources of iodine. More information can be found in the pamphlet Folic Acid and Iodine

 The following are links to articles relating to pregnancy:

About midwives
Article on www.midwife.org.nz
A midwife is a person who, having been admitted to a midwifery educational programme, duly recognised in the country in which it is located, has successfully completed the prescribed course of studies in midwifery and has acquired the requisite qualifications to be registered and/or legally licensed to practise midwifery."
Antenatal growth charts
Information on www.gestation.net
Weight and fundal height measurements graphs
Asthma
Article on www.asthmanz.co.nz
Around one third of women find their asthma improves in pregnancy, one third stay the same and one third find their asthma gets worse.
Bleeding gums
Article on www.babycenter.com
Bleeding, sensitive gums are a common complaint during pregnancy. Higher progesterone levels cause your gums to react more to the bacteria in plaque. That, along with an increased blood supply to your mouth, can result in swollen, tender gums that bleed when you floss or brush.
Braxton Hicks contractions
Article on www.babycenter.com
Sometime toward the middle of your pregnancy (or even earlier), you may notice the muscles of your uterus tightening for anywhere from 30 to 60 seconds. Not all women feel these random, usually painless contractions.
Childbirth Choices
Article on www.everybody
Pregnancy and birth are normal parts of a woman's life, which may be shared with her family/whanau. The first health professional you see in your pregnancy is required to provide you with information regarding the options you have for caregivers and place of birth.
Comparing Risks of Cesarean Section with Risks of Vaginal Birth
Article on www.maternitywise.org
A systematic review comparing the full range of risks to help you make a truly informed decision
Consensus Statements by New Zealand College of Midwives
Article on www.midwife.org.nz
The purpose of New Zealand College of Midwives Consensus Statements are to provide women, midwives and the maternity services with the professions position on any given situation. The guidelines are designed to educate and support best practice.
Eating well in pregnancy
Article on www.everybody.co.nz
Eating a nutritious and varied diet in pregnancy is the best way of caring for yourself and your baby. This topic outlines what is meant by a nutritious and varied diet and is suitable for most pregnant women. There are some women who may need to make some special changes when they are pregnant.
Exercise in Pregnancy - How important is it?
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
Written by Jill Dunn - MHSc Complementary Medicine, Registered Naturopath, Registered Medical Herbalist, Registered Nurse (Non-practising)
There are many good reasons to continue to exercise or even begin exercising if you aren’t already, during pregnancy.
Fetal development
Article on www.everybody.co.nz
The development of your baby in the womb is a wonderful process. We have compiled a month-by-month timescale of what happens in the womb. But keep in mind that different pregnancies do develop at different rates.
Finding a Good Midwife
Article on www.coffeegroup.org
We are very lucky in NZ to have such wide choices of care. This should mean that everyone can find someone just right for them for that very special time. Of course, the more rural the area you reside in is, the fewer choices there are, or you have to be prepared to travel to them.
Food Safety
Article on www.nzfsa.govt.nz
This information outlines the different types of foodborne illness, how they can affect pregnant women and their babies and how women can help to avoid them. It also contains a list of foods and their associated risks. The basic message of food safety, as always, is clean, cook, cover, chill.
Gestational Diabetes
Article on www.parentscentre.org.nz
There is international agreement that gestational diabetes is diabetes (or glucose intolerance) that is first recognised in pregnancy and in New Zealand, occurs in 2 - 5% of pregnant women.
Group B streptococcus
Article on www.everybody.co.nz
Group B streptococcus (group B strep) is a common bacteria. It is almost always harmless in adults. In rare cases, however, a woman who has group B strep can infect her baby during delivery. This can cause serious illness in the newborn. The mother may also become very ill from the infection after the delivery.
Health during pregnancy
Information on pcnzweb
A woman's body makes huge adjustments to a pregnancy. It will make any change necessary for the healthy growth of the baby. Most of these changes happen in the first three months to anticipate the possible demands of the growing baby and to provide stores of fat and minerals which later will nourish the breastfed infant. All these changes stem from the effect of the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone which are produced by the cells of the placenta.

Herbal Medicine and Pregnancy
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
Written by Jill Dunn - MHSc Complementary Medicine, Registered Naturopath, Registered Medical Herbalist, Registered Nurse (Non-practising)
There are three herbal teas, red raspberry leaf, nettle and oatstraw, which herbalists generally recommend during pregnancy.
Homeopathy
Article on www.homeopathy-soh.org
The many physical and emotional changes of pregnancy may cause minor health problems, such as mild urinary problems, diarrhoea, heartburn, anaemia, varicose veins, backache, cramps, thrush or emotional distress
Homeopathy
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
Homeopathy is a therapeutic system of medicine that was developed over 200 years ago by Samuel Hahneman, a German physician, and is based on the principle of similars- ‘like cures like.’ This means that a substance that can cause certain symptoms in a healthy person, can cure similar symptoms in a person who is unwell when given in very dilute amounts.
How can homeopathy help during the birth?
Article on www.homeopathy-soh.org
During pregnancy it is especially important to eat well, from a wide range of foods - as this will provide you with the extra trace minerals and vitamins that you need.
Itchy skin
Article on www.babycenter.com
It's not uncommon to feel itchy in some areas, particularly around your growing belly and breasts as your skin stretches to accommodate them. Pregnancy hormones may also be partly to blame.
Maternity Services Consumer Satisfaction Survey
Article on www.moh.govt.nz
This survey represents the views of 2909 women who gave birth in New Zealand during February and March 2002.
Midwifery & Maternity services in New Zealand
Article on www.midwife.org.nz
New Zealand women and their families/whanau have access to personal, practical and professional care from midwives from early pregnancy right through until four to six weeks after the birth.
Morning Sickness
Article on www.babycenter.com
Three out of four pregnant women suffer from nausea — and sometimes vomiting, too, especially in their first trimester. For many, symptoms are worst in the morning, hence the name "morning sickness." For others, stomach churning lasts morning, noon, and night.
Morning Sickness
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
Written by Jill Dunn - MHSc Complementary Medicine, Registered Naturopath, Registered Medical Herbalist, Registered Nurse (Non-practising)
Morning sickness is a general term that describes digestive upset that commences any where between 2 and 8 weeks of pregnancy and which ranges from mild, occasional queasiness, to vomiting.

Nappy rash – Looking at causes, prevention and treatment
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
Written by Jill Dunn - MHSc Complementary Medicine, Registered Naturopath, Registered Medical Herbalist, Registered Nurse (Non-practising)
It is a rare baby that escapes some form of nappy rash over the two years that it wears nappies, particularly when teething or if baby has diarrhoea. Nappy rash is an irritant dermatitis that causes pain and itching for the infant, and distress for the parents.
Normal Pregnancy
Article on www.hcd2.bupa.co.uk
Usually, a pregnancy is 40 weeks in length, counting from the first day of your last menstrual cycle period. Pregnancy is broken down into three phases, which are called trimesters. The first trimester lasts 12 weeks, the second from 13 to 27 weeks and the third from 28 to 40 weeks.
Nutrition in Pregnancy - Giving the best start
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
Written by Jill Dunn - MHSc Complementary Medicine, Registered Naturopath, Registered Medical Herbalist, Registered Nurse (Non-practising)
Good nutrition is something you can give your developing baby for the best chance of a lifetime of good health. It is also something you can give to yourself. There is nothing like the fatigue of pregnancy, or following child birth, and it is not surprising considering the physical and emotional stresses affecting you at these times
Possible complications
Article on www.huggies.com
Most pregnancies will continue without any problems at all, however, a small percentage of pregnancies suffer from complications. We have tried to identify some of the more common possible complications and provide a brief overview. If you require more information or advice you should contact your doctor.
Preeclampsia (toxaemia)
Article on www.everybody.co.nz
Preeclampsia is a problem that may occur in pregnancy. It was sometimes called toxaemia. It can lead to health risks for you and your baby. No one knows what causes preeclampsia, but it almost always goes away soon after giving birth.
Pregnancy & childbirth
Articles on www.govt.nz
about pregnancy, childbirth and
health research.
Pregnancy Niggles
Article on www.treasures.com
The A to Z of Pregnancy Niggles. They are known as the minor complaints of pregnancy, but they are all pretty horrible The vast majority of pregnancy complaints pose no risk to your health, but that does not stop them being a burden especially if you suffer from several at once.
Pregnancy Tracker
Article on www.treasuresbaby.com
Our week by week guide explains exactly why you look, feel and act the way you do from conception to birth.
Report on Maternity 2002
Article on www.moh.govt.nz
It contains information on the outcomes, availability and utilisation of maternity services for women who gave birth in New Zealand in 2002.
Rhesus negative blood and pregnancy
Article on www.everybody.co.nz
When a mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive, there can be health risks for the fetus.
Short term memory
Article on www.babycenter.com
In your first trimester, you may be distracted by worries about your baby's health, as well as exhausted and nauseated from the hormonal changes you're undergoing. And during your last trimester you may be overwhelmed or just plain distracted by the huge life changes you're about to experience, and once again feeling exhausted if you're having trouble getting a good night's sleep.
Should Three-Dimensional Fetal Imaging Be Used for Nondiagnostic Portraits?
Many expectant mothers are excited about the opportunity to obtain 3D or 4D (real-time 3D) ultrasounds to bond with their babies. Unfortunately, women do not know the potential risks involved in diagnostic testing when there is no medical indication.
Should you drink alcohol during pregnancy?
Article on www.parentscentre.org.nz
"There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Therefore parents planning a pregnancy and women who are pregnant should be advised not to drink alcohol?"
Sleeping while pregnant
Article on www.huggies.com
Sleep will become the focus of your life for quite a while. Firstly with your sleep and then with your new babys sleep, or lack of sleep.
Travel when pregnant
Article on www.huggies.com
Continuing to drive your car while pregnant is essential for most women. If you are continuing to work through your pregnancy, you may be required to travel interstate as part of your job, and many pregnant women plan a holiday with their partner for before the baby is born and this usually means travelling some distance to your holiday destination.
Ultrasound
Article on www.parentscentre.org.nz
The value of routine ultrasound in pregnancy remains controversial however. It is important to differentiate between routine ultrasound scanning where all pregnant women are scanned, and where it is clinically indicated.
Wellington City Libraries
Information on www.wcl.govt.nz
From conception through child-rearing, from yoga and nutrition for pregnant women to books for new fathers, Wellington City Libraries has the information for you.
Yoga
Article on www.nourish.net.nz
In Yoga, the body and mind are linked to create a state of internal peacefulness and integration, bringing the individual from a state of separation to a self-unity that is flexible, accepting and whole
Yoga and Pregnancy
Article on yoga.org.nz
Yoga is the perfect way to stay flexible, create energy, relive stress and prepare for birth.
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